The antioxidant properties of hydrogen-rich water (H2 water) are central to its potential health benefits. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a small, neutrally charged molecule, enabling it to easily penetrate cell membranes and reach subcellular compartments where it can exert its effects.

The anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen-rich water (H2 water) are among its most discussed potential health benefits. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been shown in various studies to have antioxidant properties, and it specifically targets and neutralises harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of inflammation and can contribute to a variety of chronic diseases.

Hydrogen water (H2 water) has been suggested to have a positive effect on cognition. The molecular hydrogen in H2 water can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, offering protective effects against neurodegenerative processes. While research in this area is evolving, initial studies hint at the potential for enhanced cognitive performance and protection against cognitive decline,

The theory is that the antioxidant properties of hydrogen water can help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the gut, potentially leading to improved gut health. A healthier gut environment can enhance the body's ability to absorb nutrients from food. By neutralising excess free radicals, hydrogen water might aid in protecting the cells lining the digestive tract, thus optimising the conditions for nutrient uptake.

Hydrogen water has been researched for its potential effects on reducing muscle fatigue associated with exercise. The premise is that the molecular hydrogen in H2 water acts as a selective antioxidant, targeting and neutralising specific free radicals produced during intense physical activity. These free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), can lead to oxidative stress, contributing to muscle fatigue and delayed recovery times.

H2 water has shown promise in supporting better recovery through decreased oxidative damage, hydrogen water might enable athletes to sustain longer periods of physical exertion with less perceived effort and faster recovery times. This could be particularly beneficial for endurance athletes, like runners, cyclists, and swimmers, who engage in extended periods of exercise and require efficient recovery between training sessions.

Activated charcoal is known for its highly adsorptive properties, meaning it can trap toxins, chemicals, and other harmful substances, preventing them from being ingested. When used in a water bottle, activated charcoal can help purify the water by removing chlorine, sediment, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and even certain odors and tastes, making the water more pleasant to drink.